Common Use

Premarin is a combination of estrogen hormones that regulate the development and function of the female reproductive system, as well as the formation of female secondary sex characteristics. When absorbed into the bloodstream, it forms a complex with specific receptors in various tissues, including the fallopian tubes, cervix, mammary glands, vagina, urethra, breast, liver, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. This stimulates the synthesis of DNA and proteins, leading to the proliferation of epithelium, increased sensitivity of uterine and fallopian tube muscles to medications, and reduced bone resorption of calcium during menopause. Premarin is commonly used to treat menopause symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and irritation, and to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is also used in replacement therapy for peri- and postmenopausal women, ovarian hypofunction, primary and secondary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and other conditions.

Dosage and Direction

Take Premarin once daily as prescribed, with a full glass of water, with or without food. It can be administered in a cyclic treatment regimen, typically 25 days on followed by 5 days off. Do not exceed the prescribed dosage. Individual dosages vary based on the condition being treated (e.g., 0.3 mg or 0.625 mg daily for hypogonadism, or 0.3 mg/day for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis). Consistency in taking the medication is crucial for optimal benefits. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice while using Premarin, as it can increase estrogen levels.

Precautions

Long-term use of Premarin may increase the risk of breast cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, heart attack, or stroke, so regular monitoring is essential. This medication should not be used during pregnancy as it can harm the unborn baby. It is not recommended for preventing heart disease or dementia. To reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, a progestin may be prescribed alongside Premarin. This drug is not suitable for individuals under 18 years of age.

Contraindications

Premarin is contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding, estrogen-dependent malignant tumors, undiagnosed genital or uterine bleeding, and active-phase thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disease (except for breast and prostate cancer treatment). Caution is advised for patients with a history of thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, or thromboembolism while taking estrogens, as well as those with hyperlipoproteinemia, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, severe liver failure, jaundice, hepatic porphyria, leiomyoma, hypercalcemia associated with bone metastases, underactive thyroid, porphyria, endometriosis, or asthma.

Possible Side Effects

Potential side effects include allergic reactions (hives, rash, swelling of the face or tongue), chest pain, sudden numbness or weakness, abnormal vaginal bleeding, migraine headaches, confusion, jaundice, and swelling in the hands, ankles, or feet. If severe symptoms occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

Premarin can interact with other medications. Estrogens enhance the liver's production of blood-clotting factors, which may reduce the effectiveness of blood thinners like warfarin. Medications such as barbiturates, rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, griseofulvin, St. John's wort, and primidone can increase estrogen metabolism. Conversely, erythromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir can inhibit estrogen metabolism.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Overdose

Seek immediate medical attention in case of an overdose. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding.

Storage

Store Premarin tablets at room temperature, between 15-30°C (59-86°F). For the injection form, maintain a temperature of 2-8°C (36-46°F).

Disclaimer

This information provides a general overview of the medication and does not cover all possible directions, drug interactions, or precautions. It is not intended for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized instructions. We disclaim responsibility for the accuracy of this information and any consequences of its use. We are not liable for any direct, indirect, special, or incidental damages resulting from the use of this information or self-treatment.