Common Use

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite medication primarily used to treat various types of cancer. It works by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis. This action disrupts DNA production, repair, and cell division. The drug is particularly effective against malignant tumor cells, bone marrow cells, embryonic cells, and epithelial cells in the intestinal mucosa, bladder, and oral cavity.

Methotrexate is commonly prescribed for the treatment of breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, trophoblastic tumors, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, testicular cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and other conditions.

Dosage and Direction

Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking Methotrexate. The medication can be taken orally with or without food, but tablets should not be chewed or crushed. For rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, Methotrexate is typically taken once weekly, with a starting dose of 7.5 mg once a week or 2.5 mg every 12 hours for three doses weekly. Cancer treatment requires individualized dosing and must be closely monitored by a healthcare professional.

Precautions

Use Methotrexate with caution if you have conditions such as ascites, dehydration, digestive tract obstruction, pleural or peritoneal effusion, chronic kidney failure, or viral, fungal, or bacterial infections, as these may increase the risk of severe complications. The drug's toxicity may also worsen in individuals with herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox, measles, amoebiasis, strongyloidiasis, gout, mouth inflammation, nausea, vomiting, stomach ulcers, ulcerative colitis, or prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Avoid sun exposure and vaccinations for 3-12 months after treatment. Both men and women should use contraception due to the drug's potential harm to an unborn baby.

Contraindications

Methotrexate should not be used by individuals with hypersensitivity to its components, immune deficiency, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. In patients with psoriasis or rheumatic diseases, it is contraindicated in cases of severe bone marrow suppression, kidney failure, or liver failure.

Possible Side Effects

While Methotrexate is generally well tolerated, some patients may experience side effects such as mouth sores, stomach upset, and low white blood cell counts. The drug can also cause liver, kidney, lung, and bone marrow toxicity, so regular blood tests are essential during treatment. Other potential reactions include headaches, drowsiness, skin rash, itching, dizziness, and hair loss.

Drug Interactions

Inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, especially NSAIDs like ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and others, as they can increase Methotrexate toxicity. Other interactions may occur with anti-gout drugs, antibiotics, steroids, sulfa drugs, and oral diabetes medications. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining Methotrexate with other treatments.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of Methotrexate, consult your doctor for guidance on how to proceed.

Overdose

Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect an overdose. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, weakness, paleness, easy bruising or bleeding, mouth sores, black or bloody stools, coughing up blood, or decreased urination.

Storage

Store Methotrexate in a dry, airtight container at room temperature between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Keep it away from sunlight, children, and pets.

Disclaimer

This information provides a general overview of Methotrexate and does not cover all possible uses, interactions, or precautions. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. We are not responsible for any consequences resulting from the use of this information or self-treatment.