Common Use

Macrobid is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall construction, DNA and RNA synthesis, protein production, and aerobic metabolism. It is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Enterobacter cystitis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus. Macrobid is effective against conditions like pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, and urethritis. It is also used to prevent infections during urological procedures like surgeries, cystoscopy, and catheterization. Macrobid is a sustained-release macrocrystalline form of nitrofurantoin. Other forms include microcrystalline (Furadantin) and macrocrystalline (Macrodantin). Absorption of the medication depends on crystal size and the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract.

Dosage and Directions

Take 100 mg of Macrobid every 12 hours. Consuming the medication with a meal or milk enhances absorption and minimizes stomach upset. The typical treatment duration is seven days. Always follow your doctor's instructions. Do not start or stop taking Macrobid without medical approval.

Precautions

Before taking Macrobid, inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, anemia, diabetes, electrolyte imbalance, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, vitamin B deficiency, or any debilitating condition. This medication may alter urine glucose test results. Diarrhea is a possible side effect; if it becomes watery or bloody, notify your doctor immediately. Avoid taking antidiarrheal medications unless prescribed, as diarrhea may indicate a new infection.

Contraindications

Macrobid is not suitable for patients with kidney or liver failure, a history of jaundice, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, or acute porphyria. It is also contraindicated during pregnancy, in children under 12 years old, and breastfeeding should be paused while using this medication.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, allergic reactions (rash, itching), nausea, and vomiting. Rarely, diarrhea, loss of appetite, pseudomembranous colitis, and abdominal pain may occur.

Drug Interactions

High doses of probenecid (Benemid) or sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) can reduce kidney excretion of Macrobid, increasing blood levels and the risk of toxicity. Nalidixic acid reduces Macrobid's antibacterial effect, while magnesium trisilicate antacids decrease its absorption. Combining Macrobid with quinolone antibiotics like norfloxacin (Noroxin) reduces their effectiveness.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is nearly time for your next dose. Skip the missed dose if it is close to the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one.

Overdose

Overdose symptoms include nausea and vomiting. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.

Storage

Store Macrobid at room temperature in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and humidity.

Disclaimer

The information provided here is general and does not cover all directions, drug interactions, or precautions. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Specific instructions for individual patients must be discussed with a healthcare provider. We do not guarantee the accuracy or reliability of this information and are not responsible for any consequences resulting from its use or misuse.