Common Use

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections of the skin, scalp, and internal organs. It is available in topical forms, such as creams and shampoos, and in some cases, as oral tablets. The drug works by interfering with the fungal cell membrane, stopping the growth and spread of the fungus. It is used to treat conditions like seborrheic dermatitis, tinea infections, and systemic fungal infections.

Dosage and Direction

For topical use, apply a thin layer to the affected area once or twice daily, as directed by your doctor. For shampoo, it is usually used 2-3 times per week depending on the condition. Oral ketoconazole is typically taken once daily with food, but it is now reserved for serious infections due to potential liver toxicity. Follow your healthcare provider's exact instructions for use.

Precautions

Before using ketoconazole, inform your doctor if you have liver disease, alcohol use disorder, or adrenal gland problems. Avoid alcohol during treatment, especially with oral forms, due to the risk of liver damage. Long-term use or large area application may increase systemic absorption of topical ketoconazole. Regular monitoring is required with oral therapy, including liver function tests.

Contraindications

Ketoconazole is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Oral ketoconazole is not recommended for fungal nail infections or mild skin conditions due to its risk profile. It should not be used with certain medications, such as dofetilide or quinidine, that may cause life-threatening heart rhythm problems. Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding unless clearly needed.

Possible Side Effects

Topical side effects may include skin irritation, redness, or itching. Oral ketoconazole may cause nausea, headache, abdominal pain, or liver toxicity. Rare but serious effects include hepatitis, adrenal insufficiency, and allergic reactions. Seek immediate help if you notice signs of liver trouble, such as yellowing of the skin or dark urine.

Drug Interaction

Oral ketoconazole has many drug interactions, including with anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, statins, and certain sedatives. It can increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, leading to serious side effects. Acid-reducing agents, such as antacids or PPIs, may reduce its absorption. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking.

Missed Dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's close to the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose. For topical products, continue with the next application as directed. Consistency is important for effective treatment.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose, primarily with the oral form, may include headache, dizziness, nausea, and liver issues. Seek medical attention immediately if an overdose is suspected. Treatment involves supportive care and liver monitoring. There is no specific antidote.

Storage

Store ketoconazole at room temperature away from heat, light, and moisture. Keep topical products tightly closed. Do not freeze liquid forms or store near children. Discard expired medication properly.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.