Common Use

Glucophage is an oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes. Its active ingredient, Metformin, belongs to the biguanide class. It works by reducing glucose production in the liver, decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines, and improving insulin sensitivity in tissues. Glucophage helps stabilize or reduce body weight and does not cause hypoglycemia. It also enhances blood fibrinolytic properties. This medication is prescribed for adults with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who have not responded to sulfonylurea treatment or are dealing with obesity.

Dosage and Direction

Take Glucophage only as prescribed by your doctor. It is usually taken twice daily at 500 mg or once daily at 850 mg with meals. The dosage may be adjusted based on blood glucose levels, with a maximum daily dose of 2550 mg divided into three doses. Do not exceed the recommended dose.

Precautions

Glucophage may cause lactic acidosis, a serious condition with symptoms like weakness, drowsiness, slow heartbeat, cold sensations, muscle pain, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fainting. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur. Watch for signs of low blood sugar, such as hunger, confusion, irritability, drowsiness, headache, weakness, fast heartbeat, tremors, sweating, or seizures. Always keep a sugar source nearby and avoid alcohol.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to Metformin
• Hyperglycemic coma or ketoacidosis
• Kidney or liver failure
• Heart failure or respiratory failure
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Dehydration or infectious diseases
• Extensive surgery or trauma
• Alcoholism or reduced-calorie diets (less than 1000 kcal/day)
• Lactic acidosis (past or present)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Age over 60 or hard physical work (increased lactic acidosis risk)

Do not use Glucophage 2 days before surgery, X-rays, or CT scans.

Side Effects

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, gas, bloating, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Severe side effects like swelling, rapid weight gain, or lactic acidosis (symptoms include weakness, drowsiness, slow heartbeat, cold sensations, muscle pain, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, lightheadedness, and fainting) require immediate medical attention. Allergic reactions, such as hives, swelling, or rash, may also occur.

Drug Interactions

Glucophage interacts with several medications. Cimetidine increases its blood levels. Alcohol is not compatible with Glucophage. Use caution with indirect anticoagulants and Cimetidine. Glucophage enhances Furosemide metabolism. Sulfonylurea derivatives, insulin, acarbose, MAO inhibitors, oxytetracycline, cyclophosphamide, and salicylates increase its effects. Thyroid medications, birth control pills, hormones, epinephrine, glucagon, thiazide diuretics, and nicotinic acid derivatives may reduce its hypoglycemic effect.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Do not take two doses if the next one is due soon. Continue with your regular dosing schedule the next day.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose include low blood sugar symptoms such as hunger, confusion, irritability, drowsiness, headache, weakness, tremors, sweating, fast heartbeat, or seizures. Keep a sugar source nearby and contact your doctor immediately if these occur.

Storage

Store Glucophage at room temperature (20-25°C or 68-77°F). Keep it away from moisture, heat, and sunlight. Do not store in bathrooms or areas accessible to children.

Disclaimer

This information provides a general overview of Glucophage and does not cover all instructions, interactions, or precautions. It is not intended for self-treatment or diagnosis. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice. We are not responsible for any errors in this information or consequences of self-treatment.