Common Use

Dilantin is an anti-seizure medication known for its effectiveness in reducing electrical conductance among brain cells. It achieves this by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels. This drug is primarily used to treat epilepsy (seizures), prevent post-traumatic epilepsy, and manage epilepsy caused by neurosurgery. Additionally, it is prescribed for ventricular arrhythmias, including those induced by cardiac glycoside intoxication, certain forms of Meniere's syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, and various other conditions.

Dosage and Directions

The dosage of Dilantin for non-epileptic conditions is typically lower than for epilepsy and should be determined by your doctor. For epileptic seizures, the recommended daily dose is 5 mg per kilogram of body weight for adults and 4-7 mg per kilogram for children. The daily dose should be divided into 1-2 intakes. Taking the medication with food may help reduce side effects. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for elderly patients, debilitated individuals, and those with kidney or liver diseases. Avoid using Dilantin suspension simultaneously with tube feedings. Do not stop taking this medication without your doctor's approval, as it may lead to increased seizures. Extended-release capsules should not be chewed, crushed, broken, or opened; swallow the pill whole. Shake the suspension well before use and measure it with a special spoon.

Precautions

Inform your doctor before taking Dilantin if you have any of the following conditions:

• Liver or kidney disorders
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Diabetes
• Porphyria
• Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant
• Breastfeeding

Patients of Asian ancestry may rarely develop a serious skin reaction to Dilantin. This medication can reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs. It may also impair your ability to drive or operate machinery requiring intense concentration. Avoid taking Dilantin with antacids.

Contraindications

Dilantin is contraindicated in patients with:

• Liver or kidney disease
• Leukopenia
• Heart failure
• Cachexia
• Porphyria
• Concurrent treatment with isoniazid, teturamom, or aspirin

Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding patients due to increased risks of malformations and birth defects, as well as for individuals with diabetes.

Possible Side Effects

Side effects of Dilantin may include:

• Dizziness
• Agitation
• Tremor
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Connective tissue changes (coarsening of facial features, Dupuytren's contracture)
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching)

Long-term use, especially in children, may cause:

• Dyspepsia
• Gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)
• Osteopathy
• Hypocalcemia
• Megaloblastic anemia

In rare cases, lymphadenopathy, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and painful swelling of lymph nodes may occur. Dilantin may also elevate glucose levels, requiring caution in diabetic patients. Prolonged use can lead to weakened bones due to interference with vitamin D synthesis. Additionally, there is an increased risk of suicidal behavior. Seek immediate medical attention for serious side effects or allergic reactions.

Drug Interactions

Dilantin may interact with various medications:

• Increases effects of coumarin anticoagulants, which in turn raise Dilantin levels, increasing toxicity and hemorrhagic risks.
• Drugs like digoxin, carbamazepine, clonazepam, corticosteroids, and others may decrease Dilantin levels.
• Tricyclic antidepressants can alter the convulsive threshold and increase Dilantin toxicity.
• Certain antibiotics, sulfonamides, and other drugs may increase Dilantin toxicity.
• Dilantin enhances the effects of diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, and antiarrhythmic medications.
• It decreases the effectiveness of diabetes medications and affects corticosteroid and tetracycline metabolism.
• Dilantin may elevate bilirubin, cholesterol, glucose, and liver enzyme levels in blood tests.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule.

Overdose

An overdose of Dilantin may cause:

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Diplopia (double vision)
• Extrapyramidal disorders
• Hyperkinesia (muscle activity)
• Sensory neuropathy

High concentrations of Dilantin (over 50 mg/l) may worsen seizures, cause deep sleep (sopor), or lead to coma. Elevated glucose levels may occur in non-diabetic patients. In children, acute toxicity may result in mental disorders, joint pain, bradycardia, arrhythmias, or coma. Seek immediate medical help if an overdose is suspected.

Storage

Store Dilantin tablets, capsules, and suspension at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F). Keep the medication in a safe place away from moisture and heat.

Disclaimer

The information provided here is for general knowledge and does not cover all possible uses, interactions, or precautions. This content should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider or doctor for personalized advice. We are not liable for the accuracy of this information or any damages resulting from its use or self-treatment practices.