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Allopurinol is an arthrifuge that inhibits xanthine oxidase, preventing the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. It reduces the concentration of uric acid and its salts in body fluids, promotes the dissolution of existing urate deposits, and prevents their formation in tissues and kidneys. This medication is used to treat conditions associated with hyperuricemia, such as primary and secondary gout, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones formed from urates), and various forms of hyperuricemia. It is also prescribed for conditions involving enhanced nucleoprotein dissolution and elevated uric acid levels, including certain leukemias.
The typical dosage ranges from 100 to 800 mg per day, depending on the condition. An initial dose of 100 mg can be gradually increased. Patients with acute gout and tophi (uric acid crystals in tissues, especially around joints) should take 300-400 mg daily. Doses over 300 mg should be divided into two or more intakes. Take Allopurinol with food to avoid stomach irritation, and avoid large doses of vitamin C. Drink plenty of water to prevent kidney stones. Limit alcohol consumption and avoid purine-rich foods like sweetbreads, sardines, anchovies, kidneys, liver, and lentils.
Allopurinol should be taken consistently over several months to reduce symptoms. Regular intake is crucial, even if no immediate effect is noticed. Gout attacks may become more frequent at the start of treatment, even after uric acid levels normalize. Over time, these attacks will become shorter and less severe. Stop taking the medication and consult a doctor immediately if you experience signs of an allergic reaction, as severe skin diseases, liver damage, or inflammation of blood or lymph vessels may occur in rare cases. Inform your doctor if you have diabetes or kidney dysfunction, as dosage adjustments may be needed.
Allopurinol should not be used by individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug, hepatic or renal disorders, primary hemochromatosis, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gout, or during pregnancy and lactation. It is not recommended for children under 14, except for those being treated for leukemia, malignant tumors, or enzymatic disorders. Use with caution in patients with renal failure, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension.
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, allergic reactions (rash, itching), and drowsiness. Stop taking Allopurinol immediately if you notice signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as rash, painful or bloody urination, eye irritation, or facial swelling. Rarely, Allopurinol may cause nerve, kidney, or bone marrow damage, as well as serious or fatal liver toxicity. Symptoms of liver toxicity may include loss of appetite and itching. The risk of side effects increases in patients with kidney impairment.
Allopurinol increases the blood levels of oral mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and azathioprine (Imuran), so their doses should be reduced. The risk of skin rash may increase when Allopurinol is taken with penicillins.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. If it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
If an overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention. There is no specific information available about Allopurinol overdose.
Store Allopurinol at room temperature, below 25°C (77°F), and keep it out of reach of children and pets.
This information provides a general overview of Allopurinol and does not cover all directions, drug interactions, or precautions. It is not intended for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. Always consult your healthcare provider for specific instructions tailored to your condition. We are not responsible for any errors in this information or for any direct, indirect, or special damages resulting from its use or the consequences of self-treatment.