Common Use

Acetazolamide is used to treat glaucoma, certain types of seizures, altitude sickness, and edema caused by heart failure or medications. It works by reducing the activity of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme involved in fluid regulation in the body. In glaucoma, it lowers intraocular pressure by decreasing fluid production in the eye. For altitude sickness, it helps to reduce symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and nausea.

Dosage and Direction

Acetazolamide is usually taken one to four times daily, depending on the condition being treated. It can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may reduce stomach upset. Dosage must be carefully adjusted based on kidney function and therapeutic response. Follow your doctor's instructions exactly and do not change the dose without medical advice.

Precautions

Before using acetazolamide, inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver problems, diabetes, or a history of electrolyte imbalance. It may cause dizziness, especially when standing up quickly, so rise slowly from sitting or lying positions. Regular blood tests may be needed to monitor electrolytes and kidney function during treatment. This drug should be used with caution in the elderly and during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary.

Contraindications

Acetazolamide is contraindicated in patients with marked kidney or liver dysfunction, Addison's disease, or hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. It should not be used in individuals with hyperchloremic acidosis. Use during pregnancy is not recommended unless clearly needed, particularly in the first trimester. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe electrolyte imbalances.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects include tingling in the hands or feet, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and frequent urination. Some individuals may experience drowsiness or changes in taste. Serious but rare effects include blood disorders, severe allergic reactions, and metabolic acidosis. Seek medical help if you experience unusual tiredness, irregular heartbeat, or signs of infection.

Drug Interaction

Acetazolamide may interact with other diuretics, anticonvulsants, aspirin, lithium, and methenamine. These interactions may increase the risk of side effects such as electrolyte imbalance or kidney toxicity. Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking. Avoid combining with other drugs that alter acid-base balance unless closely monitored.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for the missed one. Consistent dosing is important for effectiveness, especially in glaucoma or seizure control.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include confusion, drowsiness, rapid breathing, or severe electrolyte imbalance. Seek emergency medical attention immediately if overdose is suspected. Treatment typically involves supportive care and correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. There is no specific antidote for acetazolamide overdose.

Storage

Store acetazolamide tablets at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and direct light. Keep the medication in a tightly closed container. Do not use the medicine after the expiration date. Keep out of reach of children and pets.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.